Uyini umgomo osebenzayo wokushayela okuqondile okuqondile?

Izimo Zokwakha Nezindlela Zendabuko

Okokuqala, ake ucabange ngesimo esinjalo: Ake sithi kukhona umfula omkhulu phambi kwakho, futhi ipayipi lendle lidinga ukuwela ngaphesheya komfula. Uma indlela yokwakha yendabuko yokumba imisele noma imigudu esemhlabathini yamukelwa, ngeke ifake kuphela inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bese uthatha isikhathi eside, kepha futhi kubangela ukulimala okukhulu kwemvelo ezungezile. Ikakhulu edolobheni elinabantu abaningi, indlela enjalo yokwakha nayo izobangela ukugcwala kwethrafikhi futhi ilethe ukuphazamiseka okuningi ezimpilweni zezakhamizi. Ngakho-ke kukhona indlela yokwakha engaqedela ipayipi elibeke ebeka futhi igweme lezi zinkinga? Impendulo yile ukumba okuqondile okuqondile.

Ukucubungula

Ukumba okuqondayo okuqondile, owaziwa nangokuthi umshini wokuhlanza amapayipi, yimishini yanamuhla yokwakha ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningi njengemishini, ama-hydraics, ugesi, nokulawulwa okuzenzakalelayo. Isimiso saso sokusebenza silula futhi sihlakaniphile. Ngokudonsa umgodi ngosayizi ofanayo nepayipi lapho kujule khona ngaphansi komhlaba, bese udonsa ipayipi emgodini, ukubekwa kwepayipi kuyabonakala. Abasebenzi bezokwakha bazokhetha indawo yokumba efanelekile yokumba, okuvame ukuba khona eduze kwephuzu lokuqala lapho ipayipi idinga ukubekwa khona. Kuzosekwa umgodi odabukayo eduze kwephuzu lokuqalisa lokuqala ukugcina udaka olugeleza emuva ngesikhathi senqubo yokumba. Udaka lubamba iqhaza elibalulekile kwinqubo yokumba. Akunakupholisa kuphela ukumba isikulufa nesikulufa, kepha futhi kuthwala inhlabathi ebengisiwe nezicucu zamadwala emuva emhlabathini. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokushayela okuqondile okuqondile ngumshini wohlobo lwesondo noma lwe-Crawler. Ingakhetha indlela efanelekile yokushayela ngokuya ngemibandela ethile yesayithi yokwakha. Uma kunezigxobo zikagesi, kuzoxhunywa ngogesi; Uma kungenjalo, i-generator kufanele isetshenziswe. Umshini wokushayela ovundlile oqondisayo uhlome ngohlelo lwe-hydraulic ngaphakathi, olungakhiqiza amandla aqinile wokudonsa ngokudonsa ipayipi le-drill kanye nepayipi.

Okokumbaya

I-drill bit enziwe ngokukhethekile ifakwa emaphethelweni angaphambili wepayipi elimba. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinto zokwakha ezimbizani zizokhethwa ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zezwe. Ipayipi le-drill yingxenye ebalulekile yokushayela okuqondile okuqondile. Ixhumeke ngezigaba zezikulufo. Zombili iziphetho zesigaba ngasinye zesikulufa zitholwa ukulungiselela ukuxhumana. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokumba, ipayipi le-drill lizothunyelwa ngaphansi komhlaba ngesigaba kuze kube yilapho ukujula okumiselwe kusengaphambili kufinyelelwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ubonile iphuzu elididayo lapha - ipayipi elishayekile liqondile, kepha indlela yokumba ingagonywa. Ngakho-ke kutholakala kanjani ukumba okugobile? Eqinisweni, ukhiye wale nkinga ulele esimweni sokubika kancane kanye nedivaysi eqondisayo nokubeka esikhundleni. Ingxenye yangaphambili ye-drill bit ayiqondile ngokuphelele, kepha inendida encane. Lapho kudingeka ithuba, opharetha azovimba ukujikeleza kwe-drill bit bese ushintsha ukuqondiswa kwe-drill bit ngokulungisa idivaysi yokuqondisa nokubeka esikhundleni. Idivayisi eqondisayo nokubeka isikhundla ingathola isikhundla solwazi lwe-drill bit kanye nenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela bese uthumela amasiginali. Abasebenzi bomhlaba babamba owamukelayo futhi bangazi isimo esingaphansi komhlaba ngokucacile ngokulandela amasiginali atholakele. Ngemuva kwalokho, opharetha ulungisa ukuqondiswa kwe bill kancane Ngokulungisa idivaysi eqondisayo nokubeka isikhundla ngokuya ngolwazi olutholakele ukulenza luhambisane nendlela enqunyelwe ngaphambili. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokumba, ukugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela kakhulu kuzoqhubeka ngokugeza inhlabathi namadwala ukuze wakhe isigaxa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, udaka lugeleza lubuyele emnyango ongezansi kwama-pores. Udaka lugcwele ithangi elingaphezulu le-sedimentation ngepompo yokumunca. Ethangini le-sedimentation, ngemuva kokuba udaka linqunyelwe futhi lihlukaniswe, amanzi ahlanzekile azophonswa emuva esikhaleni futhi ukwakha uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi okucindezelayo. Lolu hlelo alugcini nje ngokuqinisekisa inqubekela phambili ebushelelezi yenqubo yokumba, kepha futhi yehlisa ngempumelelo umthelela emvelweni.

Ukuvuselela kanye nokubeka amapayipi

Ngemuva kwe bill kancane shayela ngaphandle Inhlabathi ngendlela enqunyelwe kusengaphambili, umsebenzi olandelayo ukudonsa ipayipi emgodini. Ngaphambi kwalapho, ukugqama kudinga ukwenziwa, ngoba isikulufa sinciphile kakhulu futhi umgodi obiziwe awukwazi ukulingana nepayipi. Ngalesi sikhathi, opharetha uzosusa isikulufa nge-drill bit bese usifaka esikhundleni se-reamer esilinganiselwe esilingana naleso sepayipi. Ukuphela komsila we-REAMER kuxhunyiwe kwipayipi, futhi isikulufa siyaqhubeka nokudonswa emuva ngomshini. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokudonsa, i-REAMER izokwandisa ngokuqhubekayo ububanzi besigaxa ukuze ipayipi lidlule kahle. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ipayipi likhula futhi isisindo salo liyanda, amandla okuhudula womshini wedwa angeke akwazi ukuwadonsela emgodini. Ngalesi sikhathi, opharetha uzonamathisela i-hydraulic pusher ukuya komunye umkhawulo wepayipi. Le pusher ingakwazi ukukhiqiza ukuthambekela kumathani afinyelela kwangama-750 ngokubopha ipayipi ngendandatho yenjoloba. Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe se-pusher kanye ne-Dragging Force, ipayipi ekugcineni lidonswa emgodini kahle, ligcwalisa umsebenzi wokubeka.

Umtshalizimali kanye nesicelo

Ubuhlakani obusungule ukushayela okuqondayo okuqondile nguMartin Cherrington. Uthole ugqozi ekudleni okuqondayo emasimini kawoyela ngawo-1970s futhi wakusebenzisa ekuqolweni komhlaba okuphansi kwamapayipi. Lo msunguli wamukela indlela yokwakha yokuqothula okuqondisiwe okuqondile, imifula ewele izintambo, amakhebuli aphezulu, amapayipi ahlukahlukene angaphansi komhlaba, futhi angasetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwengqalasizinda njengemigwaqo emikhulu nemizila. Ukubukeka kwaso akugcini nje ngokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezilethwe izindlela zokwakha zendabuko, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwezokwakha nekhwalithi.