Yintoni umgaqo wokusebenzela wokugqobhoza ngokuthe tyaba?

Imeko yokwakha kunye neendlela zemveli

Okokuqala, khawufane ucinge ngemeko enjalo: Masithi kukho umlambo obanzi phambi kwakho, kwaye umbhobho wobundlobongo kufuneka ubekwe ngaphesheya komlambo ukuya ebhankini. Ukuba indlela yokwakha yesiqhelo yokumba imingxunya okanye imijelo yomhlaba yamkelwa, ayiyi kubandakanya kuphela inani elikhulu lomsebenzi wobunjineli kwaye lithathe ixesha elide, kodwa likwabangela ukonakala kakhulu kwindawo engqongileyo. Ingakumbi kwisixeko esixineneyo, indlela yokwakha iya kubangela ukuxinana kwezithuthi kwaye kuzisa ingxaki ezininzi kubomi babemi. Ngaba ikhona indlela yokwakha enokugqibezela ipibhoyili ilele kwaye zithintele ezi ngxaki? Impendulo yile Ukugqobhoza ngokuthe tyaba ngokuthe tyaba.

Amagqabantshintshi

Ukugrungqa ngokuthe tye, okwabizwa ngokuba ngumatshini wokuvukela umbhobho, sisixhobo sangoku sokwakha esidibanisa itekhnoloji efana noomatshini, i-hydraulics, umbane, kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo. Umgaqo wayo wokuSebenza ulula kwaye unobuqili. Ngokuqhuba umngxunya onobungakanani obufanayo njengombhobho kubunzulu obuthile obungaphantsi komhlaba, emva koko utsala umbhobho, kwaye utsala umbhobho, ukubekwa kombhobho. Abasebenzi bokwakha baya khetha inqaku elifanelekileyo lokuqhuba, elihlala likufuphi nendawo yokuqala apho umbhobho kufuneka ubekwe. Umgodi wodaka uza kusetwa ecaleni kwendawo yokuqhuba ukuze ugcine udaka oluhamba emva kwenkqubo yokuqhuba. Udaka ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuqhuba. Ayinakupholisa kuphela i-drill bit kunye nesikrweqe, kodwa sithwele umhlaba ophethwe kunye namaqhekeza etyeni. Eyona nxalenye iphambili ye-riveling ethe tyaba yi-vied okanye umatshini wohlobo lwe-crawler. Inokukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokuqhuba ngokweemeko ezithile zendawo yokwakha. Ukuba kukho izibonda zombane, ziya kuqhagamshelwa kumbane; Ukuba akukhange kubenjalo, i-generator kufuneka isetyenziswe. Umatshini we-Drizul enomhlaba othe tyaba ixhotywe ngenkqubo ye-hydraulic ngaphakathi, enokuvelisa amandla arhuqayo edonsa ngombhobho we-drill kunye nombhobho.

Ukuqhuba

I-Drill esenziwe ngokukodwa ifakwe kwindawo engaphambili yombhobho we-drill. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zale ndawo ziya kukhethwa ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zejografi. Umbhobho we-Drill yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-orling the tyaba. Iqhagamshelwe ngamacandelo ezikreyithi. Zombini iziphelo zecandelo ngalinye lesikali zinikiwe ukuqhuba unxibelelwano oluthe kratya. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba, umbhobho we-Drill uza kuthunyelwa phantsi kwecandelo eliphantsi komhlaba ngecandelo de kufike ubunzulu obufikelwe kwangaphambili. Usenokuba uqaphele indawo ephaphazelayo apha - umbhobho we-Drill uqonde, kodwa indlela yokuqhuba inokujikwa. Ke ityhutywe njani ijika? Ngapha koko, isitshixo kule ngxaki ikwimo ye-drill bit kunye nesixhobo sokubeka. Inxalenye yangaphambili ye-Drill incinci ayiqondi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa igobe kancinci. Xa iqalile iqalile, umqhubi uya kuyeka ukujikeleza kwe-Drill bit kwaye atshintshe indlela yokuqhuba kancinci ngokuhlengahlengisa isixhobo esikhuthazayo nesibethi. Isixhobo esikhokelayo nesikhundla sinokufumana isikhundla solwazi lwe-Drll kunye nolwazi lomhlaba ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye lithumele imiqondiso. Abasebenzi abaphantsi babamba umamkeli kwaye banokwazi imeko engaphantsi komhlaba ngokucacileyo ngokulandela imiqondiso efunyenweyo. Emva koko, umqhubi ulungisa indlela ye drill bit Ngokuhlengahlengiswa kwesixhobo esikhokelayo nesixhobo ngokwengcaciso efunyenweyo ukwenza ukuba ihambe ngendlela emiselweyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqhuba, ukuhamba kwamanzi aphezulu kuya kuqhubeka nokuhlamba umhlaba namatye ukwenza i-borehole. Kwangelo xesha, phantsi koxinzelelo, udaka lubuyela ekungeneni ecaleni kweepores. Udaka luphoswe kwitanki ye-sedation ephezulu yeposti. Kwitanki ye-sediment, emva kokuba udaka licacisiwe kwaye lahlulwe, amanzi acocekileyo aya kutsalwa kwiscrew kwakhona ukwenza inkqubo yokujikeleza kwamanzi. Le nkqubo ayiqinisekisi kuphela inkqubela phambili yenkqubo yokuqhuba, kodwa inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ukubuyela kwakhona kunye nepayiphu elilele

Emva kwe drill bit phuma ngaphandle Umhlaba omiselweyo, umsebenzi olandelayo kukutsala umbhobho emngxunyeni. Ngaphambi koko, ukubuyisela kwakhona kufuneka kwenziwe, kuba isikere sincinci kakhulu kwaye umngxunya odinwa awunakulingana nombhobho. Ngeli xesha, umqhubi uza kususa isikhafu kunye ne-Drill kancinci kwaye uyibuyisele kwakhona ngeReamer onayo i-diamer yayo iphantse ifane nepayipile. Isiphelo somsila se-remer siqhagamshelwe kumbhobho, kwaye isikhafu siyaqhubeka ukutyunjwa ngumatshini. Ngexesha lokutsala, i-remarrir iya kuqhubeka isandisa ubukhulu be-borehole ukuze iplateline iphumelele kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umbhobho uyakhula kwaye ubunzima bayo bonyuka, amandla omdibaniso womatshini wedwa usenokungakwazi ukuyitsalela emngxunyeni. Ngeli xesha, umqhubi uya kuncamathisela i-hyrdraulic pusheric pusher ukuya kwelinye icala lombhobho. Le pushere inokuthi ivelise i-toust ukuya kuthi ga kwiitoni ezingama-750 ngokubhengeza umbhobho ngeringi yerabha. Phantsi kwesenzo esidityanisiweyo se-pusher kunye nomkhosi wokudonsa, ekugqibeleni ikhutshelwe emngxunyeni kakuhle, ugqibe umsebenzi obekelweyo.

Umtyali mali kunye nesicelo

Ubuhlakani obusungule Ukugqobhoza ngokuthe tyaba nguMartin Cherrington. Ufumene inkuthazo evela ekuthandeni ukugqogqa amasimi e-oyile ngo-1970 kwaye wayisebenzisa kunxweme olungaphantsi komhlaba kwimibhobho. Lo mveleli wamkele indlela yokuqhuba i-piting the tyaba, wawela imilambo yokuwela iintambo, iintambo ezibonakalayo, imibhobho engaphantsi komhlaba, kwaye inokusetyenziswa kulwakhiwo lwezibonelelo kunye nololiwe. Inkangeleko yayo ingagcinwa kuphela iingxaki ezininzi ezenziwa ngeendlela zokwakha, kodwa nazo ziphucula kakhulu ukusebenza ngokwakha kunye nomgangatho.